Open AccessDiversification of chemosymbiotic bivalves: origins and relationships of deeper water L ucinidae
Author(s) -
Taylor John D.,
Glover Emily A.,
Williams Suzanne T.
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
biological journal of the linnean society
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.906
H-Index - 112
eISSN - 1095-8312
pISSN - 0024-4066
DOI - 10.1111/bij.12208
Subject(s) - bathyal zone , biology , waves and shallow water , hydrothermal vent , seagrass , ecology , habitat , clade , deep water , deep sea , oceanography , paleontology , phylogenetic tree , benthic zone , hydrothermal circulation , fishery , geology , biochemistry , gene
Although species of the chemosymbiotic bivalve family L ucinidae are often diverse and abundant in shallow water habitats such as seagrass beds, new discoveries show that the family is equally speciose at slope and bathyal depths, particularly in the tropics, with records down to 2500 m. New molecular analyses including species from habitats down to 2000 m indicate that these cluster in four of seven recognized subfamilies: L eucosphaerinae, M yrteinae, C odakiinae, and L ucininae, with none of these comprising exclusively deep‐water species. Amongst the L eucosphaerinae, A lucinoma , E pidulcina , D ulcina , and M yrtina live mainly at depths greater than 200 m. Most M yrteinae inhabit water depths below 100 m, including M yrtea , N otomyrtea , G loverina , and E lliptiolucina species. In the C odakinae, only the L ucinoma clade live in deep water; C odakia and C tena clades are largely restricted to shallow water. Lucininae are the most speciose of the subfamilies but only four species analyzed, T roendleina sp., ‘ E picodakia ’ falkandica , B athyaustriella thionipta , and C ardiolucina quadrata , occur at depths greater than 200 m. Our results indicate that slope and bathyal lucinids have several and independent originations from different clades with a notable increased diversity in L eucosphaerinae and M yrteinae. Some of the deep‐water lucinids (e.g. E lliptiolucina , D ulcina , and G loverina ) have morphologies not seen in shallow water species, strongly suggesting speciation and radiation in these environments. By contrast, C . quadrata clusters with a group of shallow water congenors. Although not well investigated, offshore lucinids are usually found at sites of organic enrichment, including sunken vegetation, oxygen minimum zones, hydrocarbon seeps, and sedimented hydrothermal vents. The association of lucinids with hydrocarbon seeps is better understood and has been traced in the fossil record to the late J urassic with successions of genera recognized; L ucinoma species are particularly prominent from the O ligocene to present day. © 2013 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society , 2014, 111 , 401–420.