Open AccessEvolutionary directional asymmetry and shape variation in D iabrotica virgifera virgifera ( C oleoptera: C hrysomelidae): an example using hind wings
Author(s) -
Benítez Hugo A.,
Lemic Darija,
Bažok Renata,
GallardoAraya Claudio M.,
Mikac Katarina M.
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
biological journal of the linnean society
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.906
H-Index - 112
eISSN - 1095-8312
pISSN - 0024-4066
DOI - 10.1111/bij.12194
Subject(s) - western corn rootworm , biology , wing , edaphic , morphometrics , context (archaeology) , fluctuating asymmetry , pest analysis , agronomy , ecology , botany , paleontology , soil water , engineering , aerospace engineering
The western corn rootworm D iabrotica virgifera virgifera L e C onte is a pest of maize in the USA and Europe and especially a problem in particular regions of C roatia. In the present study, patterns of variation in hind wing shape were examined. The first objective was to examine the influence of soil type on 10 populations of D . v. virgifera sampled from three regions in C roatia that differed according to edaphic factors and climate. The second objective was to investigate the potential evolutionary presence of directional asymmetry on hind wings. Geometric morphometrics was used to examine these objectives by quantifying the morphological variation within and among individuals and populations. Overall, D . v. virgifera hind wing shape changed according to major soil type classifications in C roatia. The three hind wing morphotypes found varied because of basal radial vein differences, related to landmarks 1, 3, 7, and 14. The findings of the present study show that hind wing shape in D . v. virgifera can be used to differentiate populations based on edaphic factors and may have application as a monitoring tool in the integrated management of D . v. virgifera . In an evolutionary context, the presence of directional asymmetry in the hind wings of D . v. virgifera adds to the ever growing data on the evolution of insect wings. © 2013 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society , 2014, 111 , 110–118.