Open AccessLeft–right dewlap asymmetry and phylogeography of A nolis lineatus on A ruba and C uraçao
Author(s) -
Gartner Gabriel E. A.,
Gamble Tony,
Jaffe Alexander L.,
Harrison Alexis,
Losos Jonathan B.
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
biological journal of the linnean society
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.906
H-Index - 112
eISSN - 1095-8312
pISSN - 0024-4066
DOI - 10.1111/bij.12131
Subject(s) - anolis , biology , monophyly , fluctuating asymmetry , zoology , population , phylogeography , iguanidae , interspecific competition , sauria , evolutionary biology , ecology , lizard , phylogenetics , clade , demography , biochemistry , sociology , gene
A nolis lizards exhibit a remarkable degree of diversity in the shape, colour, pattern and size of their dewlaps. Asymmetry, where one side of the dewlap differs in pattern or colour from the other, has only been reported in one species, A nolis lineatus , and then on only one of the two islands from which it occurs. Given the importance of the dewlap in intra‐ and interspecific signalling, we expanded on previous work by (1) investigating whether the reported asymmetry actually occurs and, if so, whether it occurs on animals from both A ruba and C uraçao; (2) examining whether populations differ in other aspects of their morphology or ecology; and (3) resolving the evolutionary relationships and the history of the two populations. We confirmed the presence of the asymmetrical dewlap on C uraçao and found that the asymmetry extends to populations on A ruba as well. Animals on C uraçao were smaller overall than populations from A ruba with relatively shorter metatarsals, radii, and tibias but relatively deeper heads, longer jaws, and wider and more numerous toepads on fore and hind feet. Habitat use did not differ significantly between the islands. We found populations on A ruba and C uraçao to be reciprocally monophyletic with an early Pleistocene divergence of populations on the two islands. Neutrality tests indicate that neither population has seen any recent reduction in population size, making it unlikely that the asymmetry is a result of founder effects or is some other consequence of reduced genetic variation. A variety of factors likely account for the remarkable and unique dewlap morphology exhibited by this species, although more detailed field studies are required to test these hypotheses. © 2013 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society , 2013, 110 , 409–426.