Open AccessF usarium oxysporum induces the production of proteins and volatile organic compounds by T richoderma harzianum T ‐ E 5
Author(s) -
Zhang Fengge,
Yang Xingming,
Ran Wei,
Shen Qirong
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
fems microbiology letters
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.899
H-Index - 151
eISSN - 1574-6968
pISSN - 0378-1097
DOI - 10.1111/1574-6968.12582
Subject(s) - fusarium oxysporum , trichoderma harzianum , mycelium , trichoderma , downregulation and upregulation , microbiology and biotechnology , fusarium , extracellular , biology , chemistry , food science , biological pest control , biochemistry , botany , gene
T richoderma species have been used widely as biocontrol agents for the suppression of soil‐borne pathogens. However, some antagonistic mechanisms of T richoderma are not well characterized. In this study, a series of laboratory experiments were designed to characterize the importance of mycoparasitism, exoenzymes, and volatile organic compounds ( VOC s) by T richoderma harzianum T ‐ E 5 for the control of F usarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum ( FOC ). We further tested whether these mechanisms were inducible and upregulated in presence of FOC . The results were as follows: T ‐ E 5 heavily parasitized FOC by coiling and twisting the entire mycelium of the pathogen in dual cultures. T ‐ E 5 growing medium conditioned with deactivated FOC ( T 2) showed more proteins and higher cell wall‐degrading enzyme activities than T 1, suggesting that FOC could induce the upregulation of exoenzymes. The presence of deactivated FOC ( T 2′) also resulted in the upregulation of VOC s that five and eight different types T ‐ E 5‐derived VOC s were identified from T 1′ and T 2′, respectively. Further, the excreted VOC s in T 2′ showed significantly higher antifungal activities against FOC than T 1′. In conclusion, mycoparasitism of T ‐ E 5 against FOC involved mycelium contact and the production of complex extracellular substances. Together, these data provide clues to help further clarify the interactions between these fungi.