Open AccessNo induction of antimicrobial resistance in S taphylococcus aureus and L isteria monocytogenes during continuous exposure to eugenol and citral
Author(s) -
Apolónio Joana,
Faleiro Maria L.,
Miguel Maria G.,
Neto Luís
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
fems microbiology letters
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.899
H-Index - 151
eISSN - 1574-6968
pISSN - 0378-1097
DOI - 10.1111/1574-6968.12440
Subject(s) - citral , eugenol , microbiology and biotechnology , staphylococcus aureus , listeria monocytogenes , antimicrobial , minimum inhibitory concentration , broth microdilution , biology , chemistry , essential oil , food science , bacteria , genetics , organic chemistry
Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the adaptation response of S taphylococcus aureus, methicillin‐resistant S . aureus ( MRSA ), and L isteria monocytogenes to the essential oil ( EO ), eugenol, and citral. The minimum inhibitory concentration of eugenol and citral was determined by agar dilution and microdilution. Adaptation to eugenol and citral was done by sequential exposure of the pathogens to increasing concentrations of the essential oils. The M2‐A9 standard was used to determine the antibiotic susceptibility. The effect of eugenol and citral on the adherence ability was evaluated by the crystal violet assay. The impact of adaptation to eugenol on virulence was estimated using the G alleria mellonella model. No development of resistance to the components and antibiotics was observed in the adapted cells of S . aureus , MRSA , and L . monocytogenes . Eugenol and citral at subinhibitory concentration reduced the bacterial adherence. Adaptation to subinhibitory concentration of eugenol affected the virulence potential of S . aureus , MRSA , and L . monocytogenes . Eugenol and citral do not pose a risk of resistance development in a continuous mode of use. These EO components showed a high efficacy as antistaphylococcal and antilisterial biofilm agents. Adaptation at subinhibitory concentration of eugenol protected the larvae against listerial and staphylococcal infection.