Open AccessTranscriptional downregulation of agr expression in Staphylococcus aureus during growth in human serum can be overcome by constitutively active mutant forms of the sensor kinase AgrC
Author(s) -
James Ellen H.,
Edwards Andrew M.,
Wigneshweraraj Sivaramesh
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
fems microbiology letters
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.899
H-Index - 151
eISSN - 1574-6968
pISSN - 0378-1097
DOI - 10.1111/1574-6968.12309
Subject(s) - downregulation and upregulation , operon , transcriptional regulation , biology , regulation of gene expression , transcription factor , microbiology and biotechnology , quorum sensing , innate immune system , promoter , response regulator , mutant , histidine kinase , gene expression , gene , immune system , genetics , virulence
The temporal and cell density‐dependent regulation of expression of virtually all the Staphylococcus aureus virulon is under the control of the agr (accessory gene regulatory) operon. The expression of the agr operon is subject to transcriptional regulation by the AgrA/C two‐component response regulator/sensor kinase pair. During bacteraemia, a frequent syndrome caused by methicillin‐resistant S. aureus ( MRSA ), the transcriptional downregulation of agr expression has been attributed to the sequestration of the quorum‐signalling molecule auto‐inducing peptide ( AIP ) by the human serum component apolipoprotein B as part of an innate immune response to infection. However, it is not known whether transcriptional downregulation of agr expression during growth in human serum is additionally subjected to regulation by transcription regulatory proteins that either directly or indirectly affect transcription from the agr operon promoters. Here, using chromosomal fluorescence reporters of agr expression in S. aureus, we show that the transcriptional downregulation of agr expression in human serum can be overcome using constitutive active mutant forms of AgrC. Therefore, it seems that the sequestration of the AIP is likely to be the only mechanism by which the host innate immune response limits agr expression at the transcriptional level to maintain the host–pathogen balance towards a noninvasive outcome.