Open AccessHarzianic acid: a novel siderophore from T richoderma harzianum
Author(s) -
Vinale Francesco,
Nigro Marco,
Sivasithamparam Krishnapillai,
Flematti Gavin,
Ghisalberti Emilio L.,
Ruocco Michelina,
Varlese Rosaria,
Marra Roberta,
Lanzuise Stefania,
Eid Ahmed,
Woo Sheridan L.,
Lorito Matteo
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
fems microbiology letters
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.899
H-Index - 151
eISSN - 1574-6968
pISSN - 0378-1097
DOI - 10.1111/1574-6968.12231
Subject(s) - trichoderma harzianum , trichoderma , siderophore , microorganism , secondary metabolite , host (biology) , biology , symbiosis , metabolite , beneficial organism , secondary metabolism , competition (biology) , botany , bacteria , chemistry , biological pest control , biochemistry , biosynthesis , ecology , enzyme , genetics , gene
Agriculture‐relevant microorganisms are considered to produce secondary metabolites during processes of competition with other micro‐ and macro‐organisms, symbiosis, parasitism or pathogenesis. Many different strains of the genus T richoderma, in addition to a direct activity against phytopathogens, are well‐known producers of secondary metabolites and compounds that substantially affect the metabolism of the host plant. Harzianic acid is a T richoderma secondary metabolite, showing antifungal and plant growth promotion activities. This report demonstrates the ability of this tetramic acid to bind with a good affinity essential metals such as Fe 3+ , which may represent a mechanism of iron solubilisation that significantly alters nutrient availability in the soil environment for other microorganisms and the host plant.