Open AccessEnhancement of chicken macrophage cytokine response to Salmonella Typhimurium when combined with bacteriophage P22
Author(s) -
Park Si Hong,
Biswas Debabrata,
Lingbeck Jody,
Koo Ok Kyung,
Ricke Steven C.
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
fems microbiology letters
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.899
H-Index - 151
eISSN - 1574-6968
pISSN - 0378-1097
DOI - 10.1111/1574-6968.12064
Subject(s) - salmonella , microbiology and biotechnology , biology , lysis , bacteriophage , cytokine , intracellular , immune system , serotype , pathogen , salmonella enterica , macrophage , intracellular parasite , virology , bacteria , gene , immunology , in vitro , escherichia coli , genetics
Salmonella infections are reported as the second most common pathogen caused foodborne disease in the U nited S tates, and several S almonella serovars can colonize in the intestinal tracts of poultry. Reducing S almonella in poultry is crucial to decrease the incidence of salmonellosis in humans. In this study, we evaluated the immune response of chicken macrophage cells ( HD ‐11) and effects of bacteriophage P 22 against the extra‐ and intracellular S . T yphimurium LT 2. Four treatments, (1) HD ‐11 cells as control, (2) HD ‐11 cells with LT2, (3) HD ‐11 cells with LT 2 and P 22, and (4) HD ‐11 cells with P 22, were administered, and IL ‐8 responses of HD ‐11 cells were measured using an ELISA . Also, four cytokine ( IL ‐4, IL ‐8, IL ‐10, and IFN ‐γ) gene expression levels in the presence of LT 2 and/or P 22 were quantified by qRT ‐ PCR . We found that P 22 lysed the extra‐ and intracellular LT 2, which adhered and were taken up by the HD ‐11 cells. The ELISA indicated that HD ‐11 cells produced significantly higher IL ‐8 cytokine levels in the supernatant during the intracellular lyses of LT 2 by P 22 ( P < 0.05). The IL ‐8 expression levels measured by qRT ‐ PCR also exhibited similar results with the IL ‐8 production based on ELISA measurements.