Open AccessCharacterization of 2,4‐dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 2,4,5‐trichlorophenoxyacetic acid‐degrading fungi in V ietnamese soils
Author(s) -
Itoh Kazuhito,
Kinoshita Masahiro,
Morishita Shigeyuki,
Chida Masateru,
Suyama Kousuke
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
fems microbiology ecology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.377
H-Index - 155
eISSN - 1574-6941
pISSN - 0168-6496
DOI - 10.1111/1574-6941.12043
Subject(s) - biology , 2,4 dichlorophenoxyacetic acid , phylogenetic tree , orange (colour) , botany , soil microbiology , bacteria , microbiology and biotechnology , soil water , food science , ecology , biochemistry , genetics , gene
Sixty‐nine fungal strains were isolated countrywide from 10 V ietnamese soils, in areas both with and without a history of exposure to A gent O range, and their degrading activities on the phenoxy acid herbicides 2,4‐dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4‐ D ) and 2,4,5‐trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5‐ T ), as well as related compounds, were examined. Among taxonomically various fungi, 45, 12 and 4% of the isolates degraded phenoxyacetic acid ( PA ), 2,4‐D and 2,4,5‐T, respectively. While the PA ‐degrading fungi were distributed to all sites and among many genera, the 2,4‐ D ‐degraders were found only in order E urotiales in class E urotiomycetes . All of the 2,4,5‐T‐degrading fungal strains were phylogenetically close to E upenicillium spp. and were isolated from southern V ietnam. As a degradation intermediate, the corresponding phenol compounds were detected in some strains. The degradation substrate spectrum for 26 compounds of E upenicillium spp. strains including 2,4,5‐ T ‐degraders and ‐non‐degraders seemed to be related to phylogenetic similarity and soil sampling location of the isolates. These results suggest that the heavily contaminated environments enhanced the adaptation of the phylogenetic group of E upenicillium spp. toward to obtain the ability to degrade 2,4,5‐ T .