Load- and Position-Independent Moving MHz WPT System Based on GaN-Distributed Current Sources

This paper describes the modeling, analysis, and design of a complete (dc-to-dc) inductive wireless power transfer (WPT) system for industrial moving applications. The system operates at 6.78 MHz and delivers up to 150 W to a load moving along a linear path, providing a quasi-constant dc output voltage and maintaining a zero voltage switching operation, regardless of position and load, without any retuning or feedback. The inductive link consists of an array of stationary transmitting coils and a moving receiving coil whose length is optimized to achieve a constant coupling coefficient along the path. Each Tx coil is individually driven by a constant amplitude and phase sinusoidal current that is generated from a GaN-based coupled load-independent Class EF inverter. Two adjacent transmitters are activated at a given time depending on the receiver's position; this effectively creates a virtual series connection between the two transmitting coils. The Rx coil is connected to a passive Class E rectifier that is designed to maintain a constant dc output voltage independent of its load and position. Extensive experimental results are presented to show the performance over different loading conditions and positions. A peak dc-to-dc efficiency of 80% is achieved at 100 W of dc output power and a dc output voltage variation of less than 5% is measured over a load range from 30 to $500~\Omega $ . The work in this paper is foreseen as a design solution for a high-efficient, maintenance-free, and reliable WPT system for powering sliders and mass movers in industrial automation plants.