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Random network coding (RNC) is an efficient coding scheme to improve the performance of wireless multicast networks, on the premise that a receiver is able to collect a full set of network-coded packets. However, in resource (time, bandwidth, and so on) constrained communications, a receiver may only receive a partial set of network coded packets, leading to poor system performance. On the other hand, device-to-device (D2D) communications utilize user proximity and spatial diversity to improve the communication efficiency. In this paper, we propose a hybrid multicast and D2D transmission scheme based on adaptive RNC (ARNC) to increase network throughput under packet erasure channels. In the proposed scheme, the packet encoding structure is optimized adaptively according to the network status, such that even if only a partial set of the coded packets are received, the user equipments (UEs) can still decode useful information and regenerate new encoded packet for D2D communications. In particular, the multicast mode and D2D mode are switched dynamically during a scheduling session according to the status of each UE. Under this hybrid mode, we can effectively overcome the effect of erasure channel and improve the overall network throughput. By comparing our scheme with other scheduling methods, we provide simulation results to corroborate the effectiveness of the proposed techniques.

Hybrid Multicast and Device-to-Device Communications Based on Adaptive Random Network Coding