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Objective:  The purpose is to provide a comprehensive review of the electrical properties tomography (EPT) technique, which was introduced to image the electrical properties (EPs) of tissue noninvasively by exploiting the measured   $B_{{1}}$   field data of MRI.  Methods : We reviewed the principle of EPT, reconstruction methods, biomedical applications such as tumor imaging, and existing challenges. As a key application of EPT, the estimation of specific absorption rate (SAR) due to MRI was discussed in the background of elevated risk of tissue heating at high field.  Results and Conclusion : Since the originally proposed local, homogeneous Helmholtz equation-based reconstruction algorithm, advanced EPT algorithms have emerged to address the challenges of EPT, including reconstruction error near tissue boundaries, noise sensitivity, inaccurate   $B_{{1}}$    phase estimation, and elimination of the unmeasurable    $B_{{\rm{z}}}$   component, along with demonstrations of  in vivo  experiments. EPT techniques have been applied to investigate EPs of both healthy and pathological tissues  in vivo  and factors contributing to various EP value, including sodium, water content, etc. More studies are anticipated to consolidate the current findings. EPT-based subject-specific SAR estimation has led to  in vivo   demonstration of its feasibility and prediction of temperature increase of phantom during MRI scans merely using measured   $B_{{1}}$   data.   Significance : EPT has the advantage of high resolution and practical feasibility in a clinical setup for imaging the biomedically interesting EPs of tissue in the radiofrequency range. EPT-based SAR estimation is another promising topic for predicting tissue heating of individual subjects during a specific MRI scan.

Electrical Properties Tomography Based on $B_{{1}}$ Maps in MRI: Principles, Applications, and Challenges