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In this paper, we studied the problem of transmissions of embedded image bit streams over nite state Markov chain (FSMC) channels. A general approach called error sequence analysis (ESA) is proposed to evaluate and optimize the the performance of the received image quality in various channel conditions (Table1). By using ESA, a general source model for the embedded image bit stream called the av erage of the rst error-free run length (FEFRL) is obtained in close-form. Existing results on BSCs and two state memory (Gilbert-Elliott) channels are shown to bespecial cases of the model. F urthermore, there is no constraint on the structure and the number of states of the FSMC channels in the proposed approach. With this source model, the motion (Doppler) e ects on progressive image transmissions in fading channels are rev ealedfor the rst time. The relationships to other approaches are also clari ed.

Optimal Protection for Progressive Image Transmission over Noisy Channels: A General Approach