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Finite network lifetime severely limits the usage of sensor networks. To prolong the lifetime, researchers adopt mobile chargers to recharge sensors with external power sources. Prior studies customarily assumed that a mobile charger sequentially visits and charges sensors. However, this method is inefficient, since it normally incurs considerable charging waiting time. To address the limitation, in this paper, we propose to replenish sensors with a mobile worker carrying multiple portable chargers. The worker simultaneously charges multiple sensors in a small region by deploying the chargers onto the sensors. We claim that this parallel charging mode significantly reduces waiting time incurred per sensor and thus improves charging efficiency. Based on the novel design, this paper contributes two novel approaches called <italic>periodic multi-charger</italic> (PMC) and <italic>on-demand multi-charger</italic> (OMC). The PMC offers guaranteed and sustainable power supplies via periodic charging schedules, while the OMC derives charging schedules in real time to adapt to the dynamism in energy consumption patterns. Both the algorithms achieve high charging efficiency by simultaneously charging sensors with multiple chargers in each charging round. Performance evaluation results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness and competitiveness of our approaches.

On Simultaneous Power Replenishment for Wireless Sensor Networks With Multiple Portable Chargers