Modeling the Power Angular Profile of Dense Multipath Components Using Multiple Clusters

In this paper, the power angular profile (PAP) of the dense multipath components (DMCs) was analyzed and characterized based on a channel sounding measurement campaign at 11 GHz in an indoor environment. The specular multipath components (SMCs) were estimated with the SAGE algorithm, and the RiMAX framework was applied for the estimation of the DMC in both the time-delay and the angular domain. After careful inspection of the spectrum of the residual signal components in the angular domain, we found that the DMC should be modeled by taking into account multiple angular clusters at different angles, to better characterize the diffuse scattering between transmitter and receiver, originating from multiple reflections in an environment. Therefore, we propose to extend the maximum likelihood estimation of the angular DMC parameters in the RiMAX framework so that the PAP of the DMC can be modeled with a multimodal von Mises distribution. We also validate our proposed method with the results of the measured channel sounding data.