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This paper gives the kinematic description and mathematical dynamic model of a three-degrees-of-freedom manipulator, including hydraulic actuator dynamics, and then proposes a disturbance observer-based robust control scheme for the position and torque tracking control subjected to the external disturbances and parameter uncertainties. First of all, the kinematic of the manipulator system is built according to the Denavit-Hartenberg notation. The joint space, actuator space, and the mathematical model of the manipulator, including hydraulic actuator dynamics, are then presented. Next, a robust control technique is designed for the fast and finite-time tracking capability of the torque signals along the desired torque commands, and a fast nonsingular terminal sliding mode control algorithm is developed to guarantee the fast convergence of the joint positions to their desired values. Moreover, two disturbance observer schemes are proposed to estimate and compensate the external disturbances and modeling errors in the manipulator system and hydraulic actuator system. Stability analysis of the cascade hydraulic manipulator system is analyzed and proved using the backstepping technique and Lyapunov theory. Finally, numerical simulations are obtained to validate the effectiveness of the designed control algorithm.

Disturbance Observer Based Finite Time Trajectory Tracking Control for a 3 DOF Hydraulic Manipulator Including Actuator Dynamics