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The two-level nested array geometry, which systematically nests two uniform linear subarrays, is proved to offer O(N<sup>2</sup>) degrees of freedom (DOFs) with only N sensors. In this paper, a novel sparse extension array geometry for nested multiple-input multiple-output radar is proposed to provide O(N<sup>4</sup>) DOFs with N sensors. In the proposed geometry, both the transmitter and receiver are equipped with the two-level nested arrays, where we particularly extend the inter-element spacing of the transmitter with a sparse extension factor, leading to a great increase of DOF. Furthermore, we derive the closed-form expressions for the sensor locations and the available DOFs. Spatial smoothing-based MUSIC algorithm is employed to validate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed sparse extension array for direction of arrival estimation.

Sparse Extension Array Geometry for DOA Estimation With Nested MIMO Radar