Open AccessStructural and functional analysis of betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase from Staphylococcus aureus
Author(s) -
Halavaty Andrei S.,
Rich Rebecca L.,
Chen Chao,
Joo Jeong Chan,
Minasov George,
Dubrovska Ievgeniia,
Winsor James R.,
Myszka David G.,
Duban Mark,
Shuvalova Ludmilla,
Yakunin Alexander F.,
Anderson Wayne F.
Publication year - 2015
Publication title -
acta crystallographica section d
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
ISSN - 1399-0047
DOI - 10.1107/s1399004715004228
Subject(s) - betaine , biochemistry , chemistry , aldehyde dehydrogenase , nad+ kinase , cofactor , nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide , staphylococcus aureus , enzyme , metabolite , choline , aldehyde , biology , bacteria , genetics , catalysis
When exposed to high osmolarity, methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) restores its growth and establishes a new steady state by accumulating the osmoprotectant metabolite betaine. Effective osmoregulation has also been implicated in the acquirement of a profound antibiotic resistance by MRSA. Betaine can be obtained from the bacterial habitat or produced intracellularly from choline via the toxic betaine aldehyde (BA) employing the choline dehydrogenase and betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase (BADH) enzymes. Here, it is shown that the putative betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase SACOL2628 from the early MRSA isolate COL ( Sa BADH) utilizes betaine aldehyde as the primary substrate and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD + ) as the cofactor. Surface plasmon resonance experiments revealed that the affinity of NAD + , NADH and BA for Sa BADH is affected by temperature, pH and buffer composition. Five crystal structures of the wild type and three structures of the Gly234Ser mutant of Sa BADH in the apo and holo forms provide details of the molecular mechanisms of activity and substrate specificity/inhibition of this enzyme.