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The subcellular localization and biochemical characterization of calcium transport were studied in the unicellular green alga Mesotaenium caldariorum. Membrane fractions prepared by osmotic lysis of Mesotaenium protoplasts exhibit high rates of ATP-dependent calcium uptake. Sucrose gradient centrifugation separates two pools of activity, which display specific activities for calcium transport as high as 15 nanomoles Ca(2+) per minute per milligram of protein. Marker enzyme analysis shows that this dual distribution of calcium transport activity is similar to that of vanadate-insensitive ATPase and pyrophosphatase, activities considered to be associated with the tonoplast. Plasma membranes, endoplasmic reticulum vesicles, mitochondrial membranes, and thylakoids band at higher densities than either calcium transport fraction. Both pools of ATP-dependent calcium uptake contain two components which are not separable on sucrose gradients but can be distinguished on the basis of inhibitor sensitivity. One component is inhibited by nigericin or trimethyltin chloride (I(50) values of 3 nanomolar and 4 micromolar, respectively), while the other component is vanadate sensitive (I(50) of 25 micromolar). These results suggest that direct Ca(2+) transport and Ca(2+)/H(+) antiport activities are present in both sucrose gradient fractions.

Calcium Transport in the Green Alga Mesotaenium caldariorum