Shrunken-1 Encoded Sucrose Synthase Is Not Required for Sucrose Synthesis in the Maize Endosperm

Kernels of wild-type maize (Zea mays L.) shrunken-1 (sh1), deficient in the predominant form of endosperm sucrose synthase and shrunken-2 (sh2), deficient in 95% of the endosperm ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase were grown in culture on sucrose, glucose, or fructose as the carbon source. Analysis of the endosperm extracts by gas-liquid chromatography revealed that sucrose was present in the endosperms of all genotypes, regardless of carbon supply, indicating that all three genotypes are capable of synthesizing sucrose from reducing sugars. The finding that sucrose was present in sh1 kernels grown on reducing sugars is evidence that shrunken-1 encoded sucrose synthase is not necessary for sucrose synthesis. Shrunken-1 kernels developed to maturity and produced viable seeds on all carbon sources, but unlike wild-type and sh2 kernels grown in vitro, sucrose was not the superior carbon source. This latter result provides further evidence that the role of sucrose synthase in maize endosperm is primarily that of sucrose degradation.