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Protein synthesis was studied during precocious and natural soybean seed (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) maturation. Developing seeds harvested 35 days after flowering were precociously matured through controlled dehydration. Total soluble proteins and proteins labeled with [(35)S]methionine were extracted from control, developing seeds and from precociously and naturally matured seeds and were analyzed by one-dimensional PAGE and fluorography. The results demonstrated that several polypeptides which were designated "mature polypeptides," were synthesized de novo during precocious and natural seed maturation. Two of these polypeptides, 31 and 128 kilodalton in mass, also stained intensely with Coomassie blue, suggesting their abundant accumulation during seed maturation. Results from in vitro translation experiments showed that the mRNAs corresponding to these "maturation polypeptides" accumulated during precocious maturation and in naturally matured seeds, but not in seeds freshly harvested 35 days after flowering (control). The role of the "maturation polypeptides" is currently unknown; however, their presence and that of their corresponding mRNAs was coincident with the ability of matured seeds to establish seedling growth. This study has demonstrated that precocious seed maturation treatments may be extremely useful for investigations of metabolic events and molecular control mechanisms affecting soybean seed maturation.

Protein Synthesis during Natural and Precocious Soybean Seed (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) Maturation