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When growing cultures of light-grown Euglena gracilis Z are exposed to slightly elevated temperatures (33 degrees C) there is a time-dependent decrease in chlorophyll (bleaching) and a gradual transformation of chloroplasts into rudimentary plastids. A study was undertaken whose primary objective was to document major changes in polypeptide composition in the stroma and in thylakoids of cells that have been exposed to the bleaching temperature for up to 57 hours. A novel polypeptide of about 60,000 to 63,000 M(r) whose function is presently unknown, accumulates in the stroma and in thylakoids in response to growth at the bleaching temperature. The levels of the large and small subunit of ribuolosebisphosphate carboxylase, on the other hand, decrease to very low levels at about 33 hours and remain very low for the duration of the temperature treatment. Of two polypeptides associated with the light-harvesting chlorophyll-protein complex of photosystem II (28,000 and 24,500 M(r)) only the level of the smaller polypeptide decreases at the elevated temperature. The levels of 28,000 M(r) species remain virtually unchanged throughout the temperature treatment period. Changes in chloroplast polypeptide composition were also studied in cells that were allowed to recover at room temperature from an initial treatment at 33 degrees C. Bleaching Euglena could provide a useful tool for studying the interaction between the nucleus and chloroplast genetic system that govern the development and maintenance of this vital organelle to plants.

Induced Changes in Chloroplast Protein Accumulation during Heat Bleaching in Euglena gracilis