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Application of Cu(2+) (&lt;10(-2) M) and Fe(3+) ions as aqueous solutions of chloride salts promoted fruit abscission, erratic rind damage, and ethylene production of various citrus species with little to no defoliation. Mixing of 10(-5) M Cu(2+) or Fe(3+) ions with equimolar indole-3-acetic acid resulted in a reduction of the ultraviolet absorption at 220 nanometers, and an increase at 245 nanometers. Ultraviolet irradiation accelerated the change by Fe(3+) and Cu(2+) ions in the absorption of indole-3-acetic acid. Pretreatment of indole-3-acetic acid with Fe(3+) and Cu(2+) ions for 6 hours resulted in more than 90% reduction in its growth-promoting activity in the Avena bioassay, even when cations were removed by chromatography. Acceleration of abscission by Fe(3+) and Cu(2+) ions could be related to both promotion of ethylene production and direct inactivation of auxin.

Effects of Iron and Copper Ions in Promotion of Selective Abscission and Ethylene Production by Citrus Fruit and the Inactivation of Indoleacetic Acid