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Histone H2B monoubiquitination (H2Bub1) plays critical roles in regulating growth and development as well as stress responses in Arabidopsis ( Arabidopsis thaliana ). In this study, we used wild-type and HUB1 and HUB2 loss-of-function Arabidopsis plants to elucidate the mechanisms involved in the regulation of the plant's defense responses to Verticillium dahliae toxins (Vd-toxins). We demonstrated that HUB-mediated H2Bub1 regulates the expression of the NADPH oxidase RbohD by enhancing the enrichment of histone H3 trimethylated on Lys-4 in response to Vd-toxins. RbohD -dependent hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) signaling is a critical modulator in the defense response against Vd-toxins. Moreover, H2Bub1 also affects posttranscriptional mitogen-activated protein kinase (or MPK) signaling. H2Bub1 was required for the activation of MPK3 and MPK6. MPK3 and MPK6 are involved in regulating RbohD -mediated H 2 O 2 production. MPK3 and MPK6 are associated with protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs), such as Tyr-specific phosphatase1 and mitogen-activated protein kinases phosphatase1, which negatively regulated H 2 O 2 production. In addition, H2Bub1 is involved in regulating the expression of WRKY33 WRKY33 directly binds to RbohD promoter and functions as a transcription factor to regulate the expression of RbohD Collectively, our results indicate that H2Bub1 regulates the NADPH oxidase RbohD -dependent H 2 O 2 production and that the PTP-MPK3/6-WRKY pathway plays an important role in the regulation of RbohD -dependent H 2 O 2 signaling in defense responses to Vd-toxins in Arabidopsis.

H2Bub1 Regulates RbohD-Dependent Hydrogen Peroxide Signal Pathway in the Defense Responses to Verticillium dahliae Toxins