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Radiolabeled pyruvate, glucose, glucose-6-phosphate, acetate, and malate are all variously utilized for fatty acid and glycerolipid biosynthesis by isolated pea (Pisum sativum L.) root plastids. At the highest concentrations tested (3-5mM), the rates of incorporation of these precursors into fatty acids were 183, 154, 125, 99 and 57 nmol h-1 mg-1 protein, respectively. In all cases, cold pyruvate consistently caused the greatest reduction, whereas cold acetate consistently caused the least reduction, in the amounts of each of the other radioactive precursors utilized for fatty acid biosynthesis. Acetate incorporation into fatty acids was approximately 55% dependent on exogenously supplied reduced nucleotides (NADH and NADPH), whereas the utilization of the remaining precursors was only approximately 10 and 20% dependent on added NAD(P)H. In contrast, the utilization of all precursors was greatly dependent (85-95%) on exogenously supplied ATP. Palmitate, stearate, and oleate were the only fatty acids synthesized from radioactive precursors. Higher concentrations of each precursor caused increased proportions of oleate and decreased proportions of palmitate synthesized. Radioactive fatty acids from all precursors were incorporated into glycerolipids. The data presented indicate that the entire pathway from glucose, including glycolysis, to fatty acids and glycerolipids is operating in pea root plastids. This pathway can supply both carbon and reduced nucleotides required for fatty acid biosynthesis but only a small portion of the ATP required

The Utilization of Glycolytic Intermediates as Precursors for Fatty Acid Biosynthesis by Pea Root Plastids