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In Escherichia coli and many other prokaryotes, the RecA protein is essential for homologous recombination and for a variety of S.O.S. responses to DNA damage (Little and Mount, 1982; Kowalczykowski, 1991). Previously, Cerutti et al. (1992) found a chloroplast-localized strand recombination activity resembling that of bacterial RecA and a protein band cross-reacting with antibody to E. coli RecA. In addition, they described what is known to be the first demonstration of a homolog of the bacterial recA gene in a cDNA library from Arabidopsis thaliana, which included a putative transit peptide and probably codes for the protein with those activities. We present here the structure of the recA-At gene isolated from an A. thaliana genomic library (Table I) corresponding to the previously described recA cDNA (Cerutti et al., 1992). The 5 ’ flanking region has promoter elements corresponding to presumed TATA box and CAT box sequences. The gene has 12 AT-rich introns interrupting the coding sequence. The percentage of AT nucleotides varies from 62.5% (sixth intron) to 72.8% (eighth intron). The GT and AG dinucleotides invariant at the 5’ and 3’ splices are present at the ends of each intron. The predicted size of the precursor RNA molecule transcribed from the recA-At gene is approximately 3216 nucleotides long and the splicing by cleavage of introns can produce a mature RNA of 1400 nucleotides. The first intron did not separate exactly the putative transit peptide-processing cleavage site; it came 93 bp downstream of the probable start of the mature protein. The coding sequence of the combined exons corresponds to a protein of 439 amino acids (precursor form). The first exon (323 nucleotides long) contains the 5‘ noncoding region (74 nucleotides) and the beginning of the coding sequence (249 nucleotides long), including a predicted chloroplast transit peptide of 52 amino acids followed by the 31 NH2-terminal amino acids of the mature protein. The predicted amino terminus of the mature protein (Cerutti et al., 1992) is based on sequence similarity with a

Genomic Nucleotide Sequence of a Gene from Arabidopsis thaliana Encoding a Protein Homolog of Escherichia coli RecA