Direct Observation of a Pressure-Induced Precursor Lattice in Silicon

Detailed knowledge of atomic-scale structural change is essential for understanding the process and mechanism of phase transitions in solids. We present the direct experimental evidence of a precursor lattice in silicon at high pressures. The precursor lattice may appear to coexist dynamically with the host lattice over a large pressure range through rapid lattice fluctuations. The first-principles calculations are used to elucidate a dynamic lattice-fluctuation mechanism that accounts for the experimental observations. This precursor lattice-fluctuation mechanism for the phase transition goes beyond previously considered reconstructive or displacive processes and provides a novel picture of the underlying dynamics.