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Ultrahigh energy cosmic ray composition from surface air shower and underground muon measurements at Soudan 2
Author(s) -
N.P. Longley,
C. Bode,
P. Border,
H. Courant,
D. M. DeMuth,
Richard Gray,
K. A. Johns,
S. M. S. Kasahara,
M. Löwe,
Marvin L. Marshak,
William H. Miller,
L. Mualem,
E. A. Peterson,
Donald M. Roback,
K. Ruddick,
D. Schmid,
M. H. Schub,
M. A. Shupe,
V. V. Vassiliev,
G. Villaume,
S. Werkema,
D. S. Ayres,
T. Fields,
H. Gallagher,
M. C. Goodman,
F. Lopez,
E.N. May,
L. E. Price,
R. Seidlein,
J. L. Thron,
H.J. Trost,
Jack L. Uretsky,
W.W.M. Allison,
G. Barr,
C.B. Brooks,
J.H. Cobb,
G.L. Giller,
A. Stassinakis,
M. Thomson,
N. West,
U.M. Wielgosz,
G.J. Alner,
D. J. A. Cockerill,
R. Cotton,
C. Garcı́a,
P. J. Litchfield,
Gillian Pearce,
B. Ewen,
T. Kafka,
J. Kochocki,
W. Leeson,
W. A. Mann,
R. H. Milburn,
A. Napier,
W. P. Oliver,
B. Saitta,
J. Schneps,
N. Sundaralingam,
W. L. Barrett
Publication year - 1995
Publication title -
physical review. d. particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/physical review. d. particles and fields
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
eISSN - 1089-4918
pISSN - 0556-2821
DOI - 10.1103/physrevd.52.2760
Subject(s) - cosmic ray , muon , air shower , physics , monte carlo method , shower , range (aeronautics) , nuclear physics , astrophysics , cosmic cancer database , materials science , statistics , nozzle , thermodynamics , mathematics , composite material
The Soudan 2 experiment has performed time-coincident cosmic ray air shower and underground muon measurements. Comparisons to Monte Carlo predictions show that such measurements can make statistically significant tests of the primary composition in the knee region of the cosmic ray spectrum. The results do not support any significant increase in the average primary mass with energy in the range of similar to 10(4) TeV per nucleus. Some systematic uncertainties remain, however, particularly in the Monte Carlo modeling of the cosmic ray shower

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