Modeling diffusion and phase transitions by a uniform-acceptance force-bias Monte Carlo method

The uniform-acceptance force-bias Monte Carlo (UFMC) method [G. Dereli, Mol. Simul. 8, 351 (1992)] is a little-used atomistic simulation method that has strong potential as alternative or complementary technique to molecular dynamics (MD). We have applied UFMC to surface diffusion, amorphization, melting, glass transition, and crystallization, mainly of silicon. The purpose is to study the potential and the limitations of the method: to investigate its applicability, determine safe and effective values of the two UFMC parameters—a temperature and a maximum allowed atomic displacement per iteration step—that lead to reliable results for different types of simulations, assess the computational speed increase relative to MD, discover the microscopic mechanisms that make UFMC work, and show in what kind of simulations it can be useful and preferable over MD. It is found that in many simulations, UFMC can be a very efficient alternative to MD: it leads to analogous results in much fewer iteration steps. Due to the straightforward formalism of UFMC, it can be easily implemented in any MD code. Thus both methods can be combined and applied in turn, using UFMC for the acceleration of certain processes and MD for keeping precision and monitoring individual atom trajectories