Fine structures on zero-field steps in low-loss Josephson tunnel junctions

The first zero-field step in the current-voltage characteristic of intermediate-length, high-quality, low-loss Nb/Al-${\mathrm{AlO}}_{\mathit{x}}$/Nb Josephson tunnel junctions has been carefully investigated as a function of temperature. When decreasing the temperature, a number of structures develop in the form of regular and slightly hysteretic steps whose voltage position depends on the junction temperature and length. This phenomenon is interesting for the study of nonlinear dynamics and for application of long Josephson tunnel junctions as microwave and millimeter-wavelength oscillators.