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A growing body of research now implicates the cerebellum in the formation and storage of the critical neural plasticity that subserves the classically conditioned eye-blink response. Previous anatomical, physiological, and behavioral research suggests that auditory-conditioned stimulus information is routed to the cerebellum by the pontine nuclei. However, it has also been observed from multiple unit recordings that some populations of pontine cells, in addition to showing auditory-evoked responses, also show changes in activity that is learning-related. It is unknown whether this learning-related activity is generated by the pontine cells or whether it is generated by some other structure and projected to the pontine nuclei. Because the cerebellum has been implicated in the formation of the essential plasticity that subserves this learned behavior, we examined how multiple unit recordings of learning-related activity within the pontine nuclei are affected by reversible inactivation of the interpositus nucleus of the cerebellum. The results indicated clearly that when the interpositus nucleus was inactivated, the learning-related activity in the pontine nuclei was abolished completely and the auditory stimulus-evoked activity was unaffected. In contract, when the facial nucleus was inactivated, both the auditory stimulus and the learning-related activity were still present. These results indicate that the learning-related activity exhibited by some populations of pontine nuclei cells is dependent on the interpositus nucleus and may represent feedback from the cerebellum.

The learning-related activity that develops in the pontine nuclei during classical eye-blink conditioning is dependent on the interpositus nucleus.