An Arabidopsis gene network based on the graphical Gaussian model

We describe a gene network for the Arabidopsis thaliana transcriptome based on a modified graphical Gaussian model (GGM). Through partial correlation (pcor), GGM infers coregulation patterns between gene pairs conditional on the behavior of other genes. Regularized GGM calculated pcor between gene pairs among ∼2000 input genes at a time. Regularized GGM coupled with iterative random samplings of genes was expanded into a network that covered the Arabidopsis genome (22,266 genes). This resulted in a network of 18,625 interactions (edges) among 6760 genes (nodes) with high confidence and connections representing ∼0.01% of all possible edges. When queried for selected genes, locally coherent subnetworks mainly related to metabolic functions, and stress responses emerged. Examples of networks for biochemical pathways, cell wall metabolism, and cold responses are presented. GGM displayed known coregulation pathways as subnetworks and added novel components to known edges. Finally, the network reconciled individual subnetworks in a topology joined at the whole-genome level and provided a general framework that can instruct future studies on plant metabolism and stress responses. The network model is included.