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. The requirement for cytokines in hematopoiesis is partly attributable to a trophic activity, the protection of cells from apoptosis. For example, interleukin-7 (IL-7) protects lymphocyte progenitor cells from apoptotic death during T cell development (1,2). The survival effect of these cytokines has been partly attributed to the Bcl-2 family of proteins (2,3). However, the trophic action of cytokines involves more than the balance of Bcl-2 family members, since overexpression of Bcl-2 does not completely replace the cytokine survival signal (1,4). Hence, the death-inducing signaling pathways triggered early upon cytokine loss are yet to be fully defined.

Trophic Factor Withdrawal Induces a Novel Pathway: p38 MAPK Activates NHE1 Resulting in Intracellular Alkalinization, an Early Step in Apoptosis