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This study evaluated the antimicrobial and hemolytic activities and phytochemical constituents of hydroalcoholic extract and its fractions from  Buchenavia tetraphylla  leaves. Cyclohexane (BTCF), ethyl acetate (BTEF), and n-butanol-soluble (BTSBF) and non-soluble (BTNBF) fractions were obtained from a liquid-liquid partition of hydroalcoholic extract (BTHE) from  B. tetraphylla  leaves. The hemolytic activity of active fractions was checked. The BTHE inhibited the growth of  Micrococcus luteus  (MIC: 0.10 mg/mL),  Pseudomonas aeruginosa  (MIC: 0.20 mg/mL),  Mycobacterium smegmatis  (MIC: 0.39 mg/mL),  Proteus vulgaris,  and  Staphylococcus aureus  (MIC: 0.78 mg/mL for both). The more active fractions were BTCF and BTBSF. BTCF showed better potential to inhibit  M. luteus  (0.10 mg/mL),  P. aeruginosa  (0.20 mg/mL),  S. enteritidis  (0.39 mg/mL), and  S. aureus  (1.56 mg/mL). BTBSF showed the best results for  M. luteus  (0.10 mg/mL),  M. smegmatis ,  B. subtilis  (0.39 mg/mL for both), and  P. vulgaris  (0.10 mg/mL). The HC50 were greater than observed MIC: 20.30, 4.70 and 2.53 mg/mL, respectively, to BTBF, BTHE and BTCF, which. The phytochemical analysis detected the presence of flavanoids, triterpene, carbohydrate, and tannin. Our work showed for the first time the broad-spread antimicrobial activity of  B. tetraphylla , which has nonhemolytic action, creating a new perspective on the interesting association of traditional and scientific knowledge.

Antimicrobial Activity and Phytochemical Screening ofBuchenavia tetraphylla(Aubl.) R. A. Howard (Combretaceae: Combretoideae)