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To study the effect of nanoscale titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) on cell responses, we synthesized four modifications of the TiO 2  (amorphous, anatase, brookite, and rutile) capable of keeping their physicochemical characteristics in a cell culture medium. The modifications of nanoscale TiO 2  were obtained by hydrolysis of TiCl 4  and Ti(i-OC 3 H 7 ) 4  (TIP) upon variation of the synthesis conditions; their textural, morphological, structural, and dispersion characteristics were examined by a set of physicochemical methods: XRD, BET, SAXS, DLS, AFM, SEM, and HR-TEM. The effect of synthesis conditions (nature of precursor, pH, temperature, and addition of a complexing agent) on the structural-dispersion properties of TiO 2  nanoparticles was studied. The hydrolysis methods providing the preparation of amorphous, anatase, brookite, and rutile modifications of TiO 2  nanoparticles 3–5 nm in size were selected. Examination of different forms of TiO 2  nanoparticles interaction with MDCK cells by transmission electron microscopy of ultrathin sections revealed different cell responses after treatment with different crystalline modifications and amorphous form of TiO 2 . The obtained results allowed us to conclude that direct contact of the nanoparticles with cell plasma membrane is the primary and critical step of their interaction and defines a subsequent response of the cell.

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Synthesis of Nanoscale<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>TiO</mml:mtext></mml:mrow><mml:mtext>2</mml:mtext></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>and Study of the Effect of Their Crystal Structure on Single Cell Response

Synthesis of NanoscaleTiO2and Study of the Effect of Their Crystal Structure on Single Cell Response