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.  This is the first case report of septic abortion due to β-lactamase-negative ampicillin-resistant (BLNAR) non-typeable  Haemophilus influenzae  infection. In Japan, BLNAR  H. influenzae  is widespread and has become a clinical concern, especially in paediatrics and otolaryngology, but  H. influenzae  has not been previously recognized as a causative agent of obstetric or gynaecological infection.    Case presentation.  A 31-year-old pregnant woman presented at 17 weeks and 6 days of gestation with a high fever; she was admitted with a diagnosis of threatened premature delivery. Despite tocolytic treatment, she aborted spontaneously 2 h after admission and then entered septic shock. BLNAR  H. influenzae  was detected in both blood and vaginal cultures. Her condition gradually improved after several days of treatment with cefotaxime, and she was ultimately discharged without sequelae or complaints.    Conclusion.  Although penicillin with a β-lactamase inhibitor is currently recommended for the treatment of septic abortion, this combination will probably lead to treatment failure in the case of BLNAR  H. influenzae  infection. As this study reveals,  H. influenzae  can cause septic abortion; hence, future efforts should be undertaken to detect and therapeutically target this pathogen during pregnancy.

The first case report of septic abortion resulting from β-lactamase-negative ampicillin-resistant non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae infection