Description of Anaerotignum aminivorans gen. nov., sp. nov., a strictly anaerobic, amino-acid-decomposing bacterium isolated from a methanogenic reactor, and reclassification of Clostridium propionicum, Clostridium neopropionicum and Clostridium lactatifermentans as species of the genus Anaerotignum

A strictly anaerobic bacterial strain (SH021 T ) was isolated from a methanogenic reactor. Cells were Gram-stain-positive, motile, straight or slightly curved rods. The optimum temperature for growth was 35 °C, and the optimum pH was 6.1-7.7. The strain was asaccharolytic and utilized amino acids as growth substrates. The strain produced acetate and propionate from l-alanine and l-serine, and propionate and butyrate from l-threonine. Branched-chain amino acids (l-isoleucine, l-leucine and l-valine) were utilized weakly, and isovalerate or isobutyrate was produced. Strain SH021 T utilized pyruvate and lactate, and converted them to acetate and propionate. The genomic DNA G+C content was 38.2 mol%. Compounds related to iso-C15 : 0 were detected as major components in the cellular fatty acids analysis. The diagnostic diamino acid of the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences, the most closely related known species were Clostridium propionicum, Clostridium neopropionicum and Clostridium lactatifermentans in cluster XIVb of the class Clostridia. Based on the phylogenetic and phenotypic data, Anaerotignum aminivorans gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed to accommodate strain SH021 T (=JCM 31556 T =DSM 103575 T ). For the three related species of the genus Clostridium, Anaerotignum propionicum comb. nov. (type strain DSM 1682 T =JCM 1430 T =ATCC 25522 T =CCUG 9280 T =NCIMB 10656 T =VPI 5303 T ), Anaerotignum neopropionicum comb. nov. (type strain X4 T =DSM 3847 T =KCTC 15564 T ) and Anaerotignum lactatifermentans comb. nov. (type strain G17 T =DSM 14214 T =LMG 20954 T ) are proposed with emended descriptions of these species.