Chryseobacterium frigidum sp. nov., isolated from high-Arctic tundra soil, and emended descriptions of Chryseobacterium bernardetii and Chryseobacterium taklimakanense

A yellow, Gram-reaction-negative, non-motile, aerobic bacterium, designated D07 T , was isolated from a tundra soil near Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard archipelago, Norway (78° N). Growth occurred at 4-37 °C (optimum 28-30 °C) and at pH 6.0-9.0 (optimum pH 7.0-8.0). The strain produced flexirubin-type pigments. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain D07 T belonged to the genus Chryseobacterium in the family Flavobacteriaceae . The 16S rRNA gene sequence of this strain showed 93.83 and 93.31 % sequence similarity, respectively, to those of Chryseobacterium contaminans C26 T and Chryseobacterium taklimakanense X-65 T . Strain D07 T contained anteiso-C 15 : 0 (25.91 %), iso-C 15 : 0 (16.05 %), iso-C 16 : 0 3-OH (9.64 %), iso-C 16 : 0 (9.42 %) and iso-C 14 : 0 (7.36 %) as the predominant cellular fatty acids, MK-6 as the major respiratory quinone and phosphatidylethanolamine, five unknown aminolipids and three unknown lipids as the main polar lipids. The DNA G+C content was 49.3 mol%. On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, strain D07 T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Chryseobacterium , for which the name Chryseobacterium frigidum sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is D07 T ( = CCTCC AB 2011160 T  = KCTC 42897 T ). Emended descriptions of Chryseobacterium bernardetii and Chryseobacterium taklimakanense are also provided.