Pseudovibrio denitrificans gen. nov., sp. nov., a marine, facultatively anaerobic, fermentative bacterium capable of denitrification

Two denitrifying strains of heterotrophic, facultatively anaerobic, marine bacteria, designated DN34(T) and DN33, were isolated from sea-water samples collected in Nanwan Bay, Kenting National Park, Taiwan. They were Gram-negative. Cells in late exponential to early stationary phase of growth were predominantly straight or curved rods, but Y- or V-shaped forms were also observed. They were motile by means of one to several lateral or subpolar flagella. Both strains required NaCl for growth and exhibited optimal growth at about 30 degrees C, pH 8 and 3 % NaCl. They were capable of anaerobic growth by carrying out denitrifying metabolism using nitrate, nitrite or nitrous oxide as terminal electron acceptors or, alternatively, by fermenting glucose, mannose, sucrose or trehalose as substrates. Anaerobic fermentative growth on glucose resulted in formation of various organic acids, including formate, lactate, acetate, pyruvate and fumarate. The major cellular fatty acids were 2-OH-14 : 0, 3-OH-14 : 0 and 16 : 0. DN34(T) and DN33 had DNA G+C contents of 51.7 and 51.6 mol%, respectively. Physiological characterization, together with phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, revealed that the two denitrifying strains could be accommodated in a novel genus, for which the name Pseudovibrio gen. nov. is proposed. Pseudovibrio denitrificans sp. nov. is the type species, with DN34(T) (=BCRC 17323(T)=JCM 12308(T)) as the type strain.