Antifungal and antibacterial activities of Streptomyces polymachus sp. nov. isolated from soil

Strain T258T was isolated from forest soil at Bongnae Falls, South Korea. The strain exhibited antimicrobial and antifungal activity against the following strains: Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Paenibacillus larvae, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger. Growth occurred on all ISP media tested (2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7), Czapek-Dox agar, potato dextrose agar, trypticase soy agar, Bennett's modified agar and nutrient agar at 28 °C. Aerial spores were produced solely on ISP Medium 4; the colour of the aerial mycelium was white and the substrate mycelium was ivory. Melanin production was negative on peptone-yeast extract iron agar (ISP Medium 6). The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained ll-diaminopimelic acid, glutamic acid, alanine and glycine. Whole-cell hydrolysates contained glucose, ribose and galactose. The predominant menaquinones were MK-9(H6) and MK-9(H8) while the minor menaquinone was MK-10(H2). The polar lipids included diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylinositol. The major fatty acids (>10%) were C16 : 0 (29.8%), summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c) (15.1%), anteiso-C15 : 0 (13.5%) and iso-C15 : 0 (10.3%). DNA-DNA similarity with other strains ranged between 37.84 ± 1.15% and 50.25 ± 1.91 %. On the basis of these data, we suggest that strain T258T represents a novel species that belong to the genus Streptomyces, for which we propose a name Streptomyces polymachus sp. nov. The type strain is T258T ( = KACC 18247T = KEMB 9005-212T = NBRC 110905T).