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Nine nonpigmented strains of gram-negative, aerobic, marine bacteria with polar flagella were isolated from the mussels Crenomytilus grayanus and Patinopecten jessoensis. These organisms were conspecific and exhibited relatively high levels of genetic relatedness (61 to 100%). The G+C contents of the DNAs of these strains were 38.5 to 40.2 mol%. The strains isolated from mussels were phenotypically distinct from previously described Alteromonas species that have similar DNA G + C contents (Alteromonas haloplanktis, Alteromonas tetraodonis, Alteromonas atlantica, and Alteromonas carrageenovora), and their DNAs exhibited only 12 to 41% similarity with the DNAs of the type strains of these species. DNA-DNA hybridization data revealed that the levels relatedness between the strains which we studied and the type strain of AZteromonas nigrifaciens were significant (66 to 70%). Production of a melanin-like pigment, which is characteristic of A. nigrifaciens, was observed only in tyrosine-containing media. The strains isolated from mussels were identified as A. nigrifaciens. We present an emended description of A. nigrifaciens that includes several phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics.

Characterization and Identification of Marine Alteromonas nigrifaciens Strains and Emendation of the Description