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The Arabidopsis mutant  rcd1  is tolerant to methyl viologen (MV). MV enhances the Mehler reaction, i.e. electron transfer from Photosystem I (PSI) to O 2 , generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the chloroplast. To study the MV tolerance of  rcd1 , we first addressed chloroplast thiol redox enzymes potentially implicated in ROS scavenging. NADPH-thioredoxin oxidoreductase type C (NTRC) was more reduced in  rcd1 . NTRC contributed to the photosynthetic and metabolic phenotypes of  rcd1 , but did not determine its MV tolerance. We next tested  rcd1  for alterations in the Mehler reaction. In  rcd1 , but not in the wild type, the PSI-to-MV electron transfer was abolished by hypoxic atmosphere. A characteristic feature of  rcd1  is constitutive expression of mitochondrial dysfunction stimulon (MDS) genes that affect mitochondrial respiration. Similarly to  rcd1 , in other MDS-overexpressing plants hypoxia also inhibited the PSI-to-MV electron transfer. One possible explanation is that the MDS gene products may affect the Mehler reaction by altering the availability of O 2 . In green tissues, this putative effect is masked by photosynthetic O 2  evolution. However, O 2  evolution was rapidly suppressed in MV-treated plants. Transcriptomic meta-analysis indicated that MDS gene expression is linked to hypoxic response not only under MV, but also in standard growth conditions.  This article is part of the theme issue ‘Retrograde signalling from endosymbiotic organelles’.

philosophical transactions - royal society. biological sciences

Dissecting the interaction of photosynthetic electron transfer with mitochondrial signalling and hypoxic response in the Arabidopsis <i>rcd1</i> mutant

Dissecting the interaction of photosynthetic electron transfer with mitochondrial signalling and hypoxic response in the Arabidopsis rcd1 mutant