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Numerous observers have from time to time endeavoured to determine the functional relationships between the nerve roots and the groups of muscles which they supply, and the subject has been approached from various standpoints. Anatomists have long endeavoured, by minute dissections, to trace the relations which exist between the nerve roots and the various nerves derived from them, together with the muscles which these nerves supply. Such a minute dissection, aided by a process of maceration in dissociating liquids, was made by W. Krause in the case of the brachial plexus. Investigations of this kind established that each nerve root sends fibres to several nerves, and that each nerve receives fibres from several nerve roots; also, that the order of derivation from above down is constant, though the exact number of roots which supply any given nerve may vary. Schwalbe, in a schematic representation of the human brachial plexus, shows the inferior primary divisions of the component nerves as dividing at their origins into dorsal, or posterior, and ventral, or anterior parts, and classifies the nerves of distribution to the arm into a dorsal and ventral set, the former derived from the dorsal divisions, and supplying the extensor surface of the limb, the latter from the ventral divisions, and supplying the flexor surface.

II. An experimental investigation of the nerve roots which enter into the formation of the brachial plexus of the dog