Supercritical carbon dioxide design strategies: from drug carriers to soft killers

The integrated use of supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2 ) and micro- and nanotechnologies has enabled new sustainable strategies for the manufacturing of new medications. ‘Green’ scCO2 -based methodologies are well suited to improve either the synthesis or materials processing leading to the assembly of three-dimensional multifunctional constructs. By using scCO2 either as C1 feedstock or as solvent, simple, economic, efficient and clean routes can be designed to synthesize materials with unique properties such as polyurea dendrimers and oxazoline-based polymers/oligomers. These new biocompatible, biodegradable and water-soluble polymeric materials can be engineered into multifunctional constructs with antimicrobial activity, targeting moieties, labelling units and/or efficiently loaded with therapeutics. This mini-review highlights the particular features exhibited by these materials resulting directly from the followed supercritical routes.