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The reduction of a metal from its saline solution by the agency of voltaic electricity, has, the author states, been explained in three different ways. By Hisinger, by Berzelius, and by Faraday it has been ascribed to the liberation of hydrogen in this process: Davy and others considered it as resulting directly from the attraction o the metal to the negative pole: and Daniell conceives that the metal is directly electrolysed by the action of the voltaic circuit. The author found that the ends of copper wires, placed in a solution of sulphate of copper between two platina poles in the circuit, mani­fest electric polarity; so that while one end is dissolving, the other is receiving deposits of copper: he also found that platina was, in like manner, susceptible of polarity, although in a much less degree than copper, when placed in similar circumstances. With a view to determine the influence of nascent hydrogen in the voltaic reduc­tion of metals, he impregnated pieces of coke and of porous char­coal with hydrogen, by placing them, while in contact with a metal, in an acid solution, when they thus constituted the negative pole of the circuit; and he found that the pieces thus charged readily re­duced the metals of solutions into which they were immersed; and thence infers that the hydrogen is the agent in these reductions. From another set of experiments he concludes, that during these decompositions, water is really formed at the negative pole; a circumstance which he conceives is the chief source of the difficulties ex­perienced in electro-metallurgic operations when they are conducted on a large scale, but which may be avoided by a particular mode of arranging the elements of the circuit so as to ensure the uniform diffusion of the salt. The author obtained the immediate reduction of gold, platina, palladium, copper, silver and tin from their solutions by the agency of hydrogen contained in a tube, with a piece of platinized platina in contact with the metallic salt: nitric acid and persalts of iron, on the other hand, yielded their oxygen by the influence of the same agent.

On the cause of the reduction of metals from solutions of their salts by the voltaic circuit