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In the filamentous ascomycete  Neurospora tetrasperma , a large (approx. 7 Mbp) region of suppressed recombination surrounds the mating-type ( mat ) locus. While the remainder of the genome is largely homoallelic, this region of recombinational suppression, extending over 1500 genes, is associated with sequence divergence. Here, we used microarrays to examine how the molecular phenotype of gene expression level is linked to this divergent region, and thus to the mating type. Culturing  N. tetrasperma  on agar media that induce sexual/female or vegetative/male tissue, we found 196 genes significantly differentially expressed between  mat A  and  mat a  mating types. Our data show that the genes exhibiting  mat -linked expression are enriched in the region genetically linked to mating type, and sequence and expression divergence are positively correlated. Our results indicate that the phenotype of  mat A  strains is optimized for traits promoting sexual/female development and the phenotype of  mat a  strains for vegetative/male development. This discovery of differentially expressed genes associated with mating type provides a link between genotypic and phenotypic divergence in this taxon and illustrates a fungal analogue to sexual dimorphism found among animals and plants.

Sex-linked transcriptional divergence in the hermaphrodite fungusNeurospora tetrasperma