The societal significance of catalysis and the growing practical importance of single-site heterogeneous catalysts

The concept of single-site heterogeneous catalysis, herein defined and extensively illustrated, offers a strategy for the design of new solid catalysts. By capitalizing on the opportunities presented by nanoporous materials to assemble a wide range of new, well-defined, catalytically active centres, it is possible to bring about numerous environmentally benign processes that can replace traditional methods of chemical production. The latter often employs aggressive, corrosive or hazardous reagents. By using both microporous (less than 20 Å diameter) and mesoporous solids (20–500 Å diameter), abundant scope exists for the construction and application of shape-selective, regio-selective and enantioselective catalysts.