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Summary .—Experiments are described in which coloured fluid is introduced through a small hole in the side of a glass helix through which water is running. The conclusion reached by Mr. C. M. White, as a result of resistance measurements, that a higher speed of flow is necessary to maintain turbulence in a curved pipe than in a straight one, is verified directly. In a pipe bent into a helix the diameter of which was 18 times that of the cross-section, steady stream-line motion persisted up to a Reynolds number, 5830,i. e ., 2·8 times Reynolds' criterion for a straight pipe. This occurred in spite of the fact that the flow was highly turbulent on entering the helix.

The criterion for turbulence in curved pipes