The nature and artificial production of the (so-called) voiced and unvoiced consonants

In a previous paper experiments were described in which the various English consonant sounds were defined in terms of the combinations and changes of resonance observed by ear when these sounds were articulated, without phonation. It was also shown how these sounds could be imitated by models which produced similar combinations and changes of resonance, without imitating the shapes of the natural vocal cavities. These observations indicated that, in certain cases, no difference of resonance was observable between the (so-called) voiced and unvoiced forms of a given consonant type,e. g ., betweenp andb , θ and ð,s andz ,∫ (sh ) and ℨ (zh ), andt andd respectively.