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Gut microbial communities play vital roles in the modulation of many insects' immunity, including  Apis mellifera . However, little is known about the interaction of  Apis cerana  gut bacteria and  A. cerana  immune system. Here in this study, we conducted a comparison between germ-free gut microbiota deficient (GD) workers and conventional gut community (CV) workers, to reveal the possible impact of gut microbiota on the expression of  A. cerana  antimicrobial peptides and immune regulate pathways. We also test whether  A. cerana  gut microbiota can strengthen host resistance to  Nosema ceranae . We find that the expression of  apidaecin ,  abaecin  and  hymenoptaecin  were significantly upregulated with the presence of gut bacteria, and JNK pathway was activated; in the meanwhile, the existence of gut bacteria inhibited the proliferation of  Nosema ceranae . These demonstrated the essential role of  A. cerana  gut microbiota to host health and provided critical insight into the honeybee host–microbiome interaction.

royal society open science

<i>Apis cerana</i>gut microbiota contribute to host health though stimulating host immune system and strengthening host resistance to<i>Nosema ceranae</i>

Apis ceranagut microbiota contribute to host health though stimulating host immune system and strengthening host resistance toNosema ceranae